Population Change
Population growth trend
Source: http://prorev.com/populate.htm
Source: http://www.earth-policy.org/indicators/C40
Population indexes
![](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d0wTYVUlRR8/VH894JYy9nI/AAAAAAAAAAg/rZ2dMRiejrs/s320/cbr.gif)
Source: http://apesbypaige.blogspot.com.br/?view=magazine
Source: http://hth450olivia.blogspot.com.br/2013/10/why-wait-calculate-rate.html
![](https://thelukewarmersway.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/world_crude_birth_and_death_rates_1950_-_2010.png)
Source: https://thelukewarmersway.wordpress.com/2015/01/
![](http://demographia.ru/UserFiles/Image/Beloborodov/Rhodes-2010/pic4.gif)
Source: http://demographia.ru/articles_N/index.html?idArt=1815
![](https://plot.ly/~jli1/52/crude-death-rate-per-country.png)
Source: https://plot.ly/~jli1/52/crude-death-rate-per-country.embed
Natural growth
![](http://ottawa.ca/sites/ottawa.ca/files/migrated/images/con028368_123457376.jpg)
Source: http://ottawa.ca/en/city-hall/get-know-your-city/statistics/12-method-and-model-0
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/World_population_(UN).svg/350px-World_population_(UN).svg.png)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growth
Infant/child mortality
![](http://jpma.org.pk/images/Oct1991/A%20SURVEY%20OF%20INFANT.jpg)
Source: http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=5332
![](http://krusekronicle.typepad.com/kruse_kronicle/images/2008/03/17/globalimr.gif)
Source: http://www.krusekronicle.com/kruse_kronicle/2008/07/#.VzW84tIrLow
![](https://aneconomicsense.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/health-infant-mortality-rate-per-1000-live-births-oecd-2011.png)
Source: https://aneconomicsense.org/2013/11/22/us-health-care-high-cost-and-mediocre-results/
![](http://devpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/mortalityrate.png)
Source: http://devpolicy.org/in-brief/child-mortality-declining-but-much-more-work-to-d-20130913-1/
![](http://www.who.int/entity/gho/child_health/child_health_001.jpg?ua=1)
Source: http://www.who.int/gho/child_health/en/
Fertility indexes
General fertility rate = # of births X 1000
# of 15-49 women
Age-specific birth rate = # of births X 1000
(specific age range) women
Standardized birth rate: Birth rate for a region on the basis that its age composition is the same as for the whole country
Total fertility rate: average # of births per woman
Sources: http://www.slideshare.net/MichaelSmith62/summary-of-topic-31
http://www.slideshare.net/expattam/measurement-of-fertility-hori-kotaro-4990545
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Trends_in_TFR_1950-2050.png)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_fertility_rate
Life expectancy
Average number of years a person is expected to live.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Life_Expectancy_at_Birth_by_Region_1950-2050.png)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy
![](http://itbulk.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Graph-chart-life-expectancy-LEX-China-vs-USA-1950-2013.jpg)
Source: http://itbulk.org/population/life-expectancy-by-country/
Population pyramids
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLmKfXwWQtE
![](http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Population/Population%20Pyramids/Interpreting_Population_Pyramids.jpg)
Source: http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Population/Population%20Pyramids/Population%20Pyramids.htm
![](http://home.ica.net/~drw/poppyram.gif)
Source: http://home.ica.net/~drw/pop12.htm
Source: http://sitriste.tumblr.com/post/54043649414/population-momentum
![](http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/npp/national-population-projections/2010-based-projections/lct-fan-population-with-variants-england.gif)
Theories of population growth
![Pessimistic view on population change In 1798, Thomas Malthus (an economist) wrote an essay titled ‘the Principle of Pop...](http://image.slidesharecdn.com/4implicationsofpopulationchange2-111229064743-phpapp01/95/implications-of-population-change-3-728.jpg?cb=1325144877)
![Optimistic views on population change In 1965, Esther Boserup (an agricultural economist) wrote a book titled ‘The condi...](http://image.slidesharecdn.com/4implicationsofpopulationchange2-111229064743-phpapp01/95/implications-of-population-change-4-728.jpg?cb=1325144877)
Source: http://www.slideshare.net/PLANETGE0GRAPHY/implications-of-population-change
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